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Medicine's Deadly Toll

by Harold Stearley

In April, the University of Toronto released a study concerning the high incidence of death caused by prescription medications in United States hospitals. The story shot through the media at the speed of the space shuttle -- but unfortunately, the real story was missed completely. This wasn't a new discovery at all; it was old news which is widely accepted within the medical community. The problem is that these casualties are regarded as being part of "just business as usual," and the terminology used to describe these deaths is designed to allow those responsible to escape culpability.

The Toronto team of scientists conducted a "meta-study" that analyzed thirty years of previous research, finding that there are an average of 2,216,000 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) every year and 106,000 deaths. Before exploring that shocking statistic (and the "weasel words" the medical profession is using to describe them), please consider a bit more interesting data from our scientific community.


"0nly" about 20 percent of all deaths caused by practitioners in hospital settings
The only thing new about the Toronto study was these particular researchers tried to make the data more understandable by comparing the prescribed deaths to the leading causes of death by disease. Count up the toll for 1994: Rounded off, about 734,000 were killed by heart disease, 537,000, by cancer, and 154,000 from strokes. The shocker: those benign ADRs are the fourth greatest killer in our country.

One study revealed that deaths caused by ADRs accounted for "only" about 20 percent of all deaths caused by practitioners in hospital settings. Why is that significant? Just think: If ADRs are only responsible for 20 percent of deaths caused by bad medicine, then those 106,000 deaths mean that we're really killing closer to 500,000 people each and every year. Some of these studies still need to be "adjusted" by more current scientific methods, so let's say (conservatively) that only a quarter of million people die each year from "medicine."

That's not all. In 1991, the Harvard Medical Practice Study revealed that approximately 180,000 deaths each year are directly attributable to gross medical negligence -- the equivalent of three jumbo jets crashing and burning every other day. Several studies followed this one in an attempt to disprove these numbers, but medical researchers just couldn't get this fly out of their ointment.


References:

Bates, D. W., et al. (1995). Incidence of Adverse Drug Events and Potential Adverse Drug Events. Journal of the American Medical Association, 274(1), 29-34

Kalb, C. (1998). When Drugs Do Harm. Newsweek. April 27, page 61

Lazaroue, J., Pomeranz, B. H., & Corey, P. N. (1998). Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279(15), 1200- 1205

Leape, L. L. (1994). Error in Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272(23), 1851- 1857

Having established that medicine is a high ranking cause of death, pay close attention to how the media treats medical news stories. breaking around the country about this research. The report in the April 27 Newsweek about the University of Toronto study serves as a prime example. Even the story's title, "When Drugs Do Harm," shifts blame away from medical professionals. But toxic pills and syringes filled with deadly compounds don't prescribe themselves. Always there is human culpability, which isn't far removed from we would normally call voluntary manslaughter, criminally negligent homicide -- or even murder.

So where does the trail of guilt lead? Start with the drug manufacturers who produce the poison. They downplay nasty side effects and lethal results of their products, spending upwards of 25 percent of their multi-million dollar budgets to convince physicians they need to prescribe their latest brand of toxic cocktails. Next in line is the physician who orders the treatment, the pharmacist who fills the orders, and the nurse who administers the lethal dosages. And let's not leave out the corporate mongers of greed -- the administrators of hospitals, HMOs, and insurance companies who have cut professional staff and treatment options to the bone.

The real message of the University of Toronto study is this: Health care itself is the fourth leading cause of death in this country -- not some anomalous ADR. Put another way: Roughly 1 American in 100 will have a problem with medications prescribed by a doctor or other health professional. If you're in that unlucky one percent, chances are 1 in 20 that you will die.

It's time to wake up and face these hard realities, recognize these errors for what they are and fix the system. In all sixteen years of the Vietnam War, we only lost some 57,137 American lives. It looks as though we are engaged in another war right here at home which needs to be fought -- a war shrouded in the language of denial.


Harold Stearley, RN, BSN, CCRN, is the author of some of the most popular health articles that have appeared in the Monitor, including The Tainted History of the DPT Vaccine and the Nursing on the Edge series

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Albion Monitor July 7, 1998 (http://www.monitor.net/monitor)

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