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"In my opinion, each individual should decide for himself what to wear
and what not to wear. A national dress that is imposed [from above] is
not going to be welcome. It would be better if they would let people
decide. If everyone puts on something adequate, it would be much better
than the authorities enforcing and adopting [a dress code]," Shirin says.
Saeed Paivandi is a sociology professor in Paris and an Iran expert. He
sees the proposal as more than an attempt to counter Western influences.
He says conservatives may be moving toward imposing tighter controls on
personal freedoms.
"I think this is an astonishing bill because it is similar to steps
taken in the first decade following the [1979] Iranian revolution. There
was a tendency then by the state and government to shape people's
behavior and actions and to retain tight control in the name of
revolution or ideology. I think the first social meaning of this move is
a kind of interference in personal matters and an attempt to limit the
most basic freedoms of citizens recognized all over the world," Paivandi
says.
Iranians already face restrictions on the way they dress. Women must
keep their hair covered and wear loose-fitting clothing that covers
their body. Men generally have fewer prohibitions, but are not allowed
to wear short pants, for example.
But enforcing these measures has been increasingly difficult --
especially among young people. In recent years, women and girls are
wearing shorter and tighter coats and smaller headscarves.
The trend is causing concern among the country's conservatives and
hard-liners.
Paivandi says he thinks the measures are aimed primarily at women.
"They mostly do this with an eye toward women. There has been a real
breakthrough among Iranian women from their widespread presence in
universities and other spheres, and it has led to more active
participation of women in the workforce and education and this has
created new social opportunities for women," Paivandi says.
He adds though that previous attempts to control how people dress have
generally failed.
"In the past there were similar attempts regarding women. For example,
[officials] said the chador was a 'superior hijab' in order to make
people wear it, without making wearing the chador compulsory. But
despite the widespread campaign, today we see that women did not follow
the model. [Instead] they created their own behavioral models. I think
there is enough past experiences to tell us that this latest attempt
will not be successful either," Paivandi says.
The parliament's cultural commission looks set to press ahead. Mohammad
Taghi Rahmani, a commission member, was recently quoted as saying if we
pass the bill then people who walk around in "short-sleeved shirts and
skimpy skirts" will face legal action. He warned that the government
should not be negligent otherwise he said "girls in the villages would
learn from the violators."
© 2004 RFE/RL, Inc. Reprinted with the permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036. www.rferl.org
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