Saddam Used Same Offshore Banking Methods Favored By U.S. Corporations

by Lucy Komisar

Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld dodged the question about Saddam's use of offshore banking, also heavily used by U.S. corporations, at a May 27 appearance at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York

The key countries -- whose governments openly allow these money-laundering systems to exist -- were Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Panama and Nassau. Corporate registrations and bank accounts there use "straw men" and secrecy rules to cover up true owners of companies and accounts.

On May 27, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld was at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, and I asked him what the U.S. planned to do about this system that financed and armed Washington's latest nemesis.

This was the question:

"It's been shown by investigations by the prosecutor of Milan in Italy, which has gotten thousands of documents about banks accounts in Europe, particularly Switzerland and Liechtenstein and then also Panama, that these were the accounts through which Saddam Hussein hid the rake-offs he was getting from Western companies that were buying his oil -- that allowed him to get money for weapons over the 80s and 90s. This bank and corporate secrecy is what allowed this to happen. I assume the Americans know about this. Are you going to do anything about this system that allows criminals like Saddam Hussein -- this was during the embargo, of course -- are you going to do anything about this system that allows them to get weapons illegally?"

For the record, Rumsfeld's answer: "The Department of the Treasury has been working with other countries and attempting to locate the assets that the Saddam Hussein family and regime have placed in other countries. They found some, and I'm sure they have not found additional sums, and I'm sure they're working on it."

Rumsfeld clumsily side-stepped the question, because the Bush administration has reversed the Clinton-era policy that attempted at least minimal reforms of the offshore system. It has blocked European efforts to pierce bank secrecy by allowing tax authorities to share information on non-residents' bank accounts. It does not want to change the offshore system, because its corporate and wealthy supporters use it to evade taxes.

Rumsfeld would know how that works, because he was CEO of G.D. Searle & Co, a worldwide pharmaceutical company, and of General Instrument Corporation, which deals in broadband technologies. International corporations routinely use the offshore system for "transfer pricing" -- corporatespeak for the practice of moving bookkeeping entries around the globe so they can report near-zero profits to the IRS.

He said that when funds are needed in Iraq, the U.S. "will rely on frozen assets in the U.S. and other countries." But to be frozen, they have to be found. And to be found, the U.S. will have to follow the trails set out in the Milan documents -- to challenge the bank and corporate secrecy of friendly allies such as Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Panama and Nassau.

Rumsfeld says that in the new Iraq, "Market systems will be favored," the U.S. "will encourage moves to privatize state-owned enterprises" and that it is "developing a plan for the oil industry based on transparency."

The international oil business is notorious for using secret offshore accounts to move profits and also to bribe government officials for access to oil fields. Transparency would make that difficult.

Earlier this month, Rep. Henry Waxman (D-California) released documents showing that Halliburton, while it was headed by Vice-President Dick Cheney, set up offshore subsidiaries in places such as the Cayman Islands to hide its dealings with Iraq, Iran, and Libya, which were under U.S. embargo.

If the Bush administration is serious about transparency, if it's serious about not wanting Iraq's new oil barons to use the same offshore system that skimmed profits for their predecessors, it had better reconsider its protective attitude toward shell companies and secret bank accounts.